Molecular and isotopic characterization of lipids staining bone and antler tools in the Late Neolithic settlement, Zurich Opera Parking, Switzerland
Identifieur interne : 000448 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000447; suivant : 000449Molecular and isotopic characterization of lipids staining bone and antler tools in the Late Neolithic settlement, Zurich Opera Parking, Switzerland
Auteurs : Jorge E. Spangenberg [Suisse] ; Montserrat Ferrer [Suisse] ; Stefanie Jacomet [Suisse] ; Niels Bleicher [Suisse] ; Jörg Schibler [Suisse]Source :
- Organic geochemistry [ 0146-6380 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
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- geographic : Suisse.
English descriptors
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Abstract
Excellently preserved animal bone and antler artifacts are numerous among the archaeological finds in Neolithic Alpine lakeshore settlements. Use-wear and production traces on the surface of these artifacts include cuttings and hammer or grinding traces; there are also large bright and shiny areas. We have explored the origin of such shiny surfaces using molecular and isotopic analysis of the lipids staining freshly unearthed and non-conserved bone and antler artifacts from a recent excavation at the underground parking garage of Zurich Opera House (Switzerland), dating to ca. 3230-2729 BC. A set of 10 artifacts, covering distinct osteological and typological features, was selected for study. The lipids were extracted separately from the surfaces of the tapered thinner working part and the wider handling area of each tool. The lipid distribution was characterized by a significant amount of animal sterols (cholesterol, cholestanol, coprostanol and epicholestanol), wax n-alkanes, n-alkan-1-ols and phytosterols (β-sitosterol, sitostanol) and abundant saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in the C14-C26 range. The δ13C values of the main FAs, and the relatively high C18:2 content (up to 31% of total FAs) and significant content of C18:3 (up to 6%) indicated that the lipids on the surface of the artifacts were a mixture of C3 plant oils rich in linoleic acid and (indigenous) animal lipids. The results provide evidence for the archaeological hypothesis that the bone and antler artifacts were specific tools which were deliberately fashioned, and pretreated and maintained with a preservative material based on plant oil likely from seeds of Linum usitatissimum (flax) and Papaver somniferum (poppy), with probably some contribution from Corylus avellana (hazelnut) and Brassica rapa (turnip).
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Spangenberg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics. University of Lausanne, Building Géopolis</s1><s2>1015 Lausanne</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrer, Montserrat" sort="Ferrer, Montserrat" uniqKey="Ferrer M" first="Montserrat" last="Ferrer">Montserrat Ferrer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics. University of Lausanne, Building Géopolis</s1><s2>1015 Lausanne</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Lausanne</settlement><region nuts="3" type="region">Canton de Vaud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacomet, Stefanie" sort="Jacomet, Stefanie" uniqKey="Jacomet S" first="Stefanie" last="Jacomet">Stefanie Jacomet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Spalenring 145</s1><s2>4055 Basel</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><wicri:noRegion>4055 Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bleicher, Niels" sort="Bleicher, Niels" uniqKey="Bleicher N" first="Niels" last="Bleicher">Niels Bleicher</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Dendrochronological Laboratory, Department of the City of Zurich, Office for Urbanism</s1><s2>8008 Zurich</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><wicri:noRegion>8008 Zurich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schibler, Jorg" sort="Schibler, Jorg" uniqKey="Schibler J" first="Jörg" last="Schibler">Jörg Schibler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute for Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Spalenring 145</s1><s2>4055 Basel</s2><s3>CHE</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Suisse</country><wicri:noRegion>4055 Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Organic geochemistry</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Org. geochem.</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6380</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Organic geochemistry</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Org. geochem.</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6380</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>C-13/C-12</term><term>Corylus</term><term>Neolithic</term><term>Switzerland</term><term>bones</term><term>cuttings</term><term>dating</term><term>excavations</term><term>fatty acids</term><term>grinding</term><term>lipids</term><term>n-alkanes</term><term>seeds</term><term>settlement</term><term>stable isotopes</term><term>staining</term><term>sterols</term><term>upper Holocene</term><term>wax</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Lipide</term><term>Coloration</term><term>Ossement</term><term>Néolithique</term><term>Tassement</term><term>Déblai forage</term><term>Broyage</term><term>Excavation</term><term>Datation</term><term>Stérol</term><term>Cire</term><term>n-alcane</term><term>Acide gras</term><term>C 13-C 12</term><term>Graine</term><term>Corylus</term><term>Holocène sup</term><term>Isotope stable</term><term>Suisse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Suisse</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Excellently preserved animal bone and antler artifacts are numerous among the archaeological finds in Neolithic Alpine lakeshore settlements. Use-wear and production traces on the surface of these artifacts include cuttings and hammer or grinding traces; there are also large bright and shiny areas. We have explored the origin of such shiny surfaces using molecular and isotopic analysis of the lipids staining freshly unearthed and non-conserved bone and antler artifacts from a recent excavation at the underground parking garage of Zurich Opera House (Switzerland), dating to ca. 3230-2729 BC. A set of 10 artifacts, covering distinct osteological and typological features, was selected for study. The lipids were extracted separately from the surfaces of the tapered thinner working part and the wider handling area of each tool. The lipid distribution was characterized by a significant amount of animal sterols (cholesterol, cholestanol, coprostanol and epicholestanol), wax n-alkanes, n-alkan-1-ols and phytosterols (β-sitosterol, sitostanol) and abundant saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in the C<sub>14</sub>-C<sub>26</sub> range. The δ<sup>13</sup>C values of the main FAs, and the relatively high C<sub>18:2</sub> content (up to 31% of total FAs) and significant content of C<sub>18:3</sub> (up to 6%) indicated that the lipids on the surface of the artifacts were a mixture of C<sub>3</sub> plant oils rich in linoleic acid and (indigenous) animal lipids. The results provide evidence for the archaeological hypothesis that the bone and antler artifacts were specific tools which were deliberately fashioned, and pretreated and maintained with a preservative material based on plant oil likely from seeds of Linum usitatissimum (flax) and Papaver somniferum (poppy), with probably some contribution from Corylus avellana (hazelnut) and Brassica rapa (turnip).</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Suisse</li></country><region><li>Canton de Vaud</li></region><settlement><li>Lausanne</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Vaud"><name sortKey="Spangenberg, Jorge E" sort="Spangenberg, Jorge E" uniqKey="Spangenberg J" first="Jorge E." last="Spangenberg">Jorge E. Spangenberg</name></region><name sortKey="Bleicher, Niels" sort="Bleicher, Niels" uniqKey="Bleicher N" first="Niels" last="Bleicher">Niels Bleicher</name><name sortKey="Ferrer, Montserrat" sort="Ferrer, Montserrat" uniqKey="Ferrer M" first="Montserrat" last="Ferrer">Montserrat Ferrer</name><name sortKey="Jacomet, Stefanie" sort="Jacomet, Stefanie" uniqKey="Jacomet S" first="Stefanie" last="Jacomet">Stefanie Jacomet</name><name sortKey="Schibler, Jorg" sort="Schibler, Jorg" uniqKey="Schibler J" first="Jörg" last="Schibler">Jörg Schibler</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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